ABSTRACT
A parasitological survey was carried out among Terena Indians living in the Tereré settlement in the municipality of Sidrolândia, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Single samples of feces from 313 Indians were processed by means of the spontaneous sedimentation method. In the population studied, 73.5 percent were infected with at least one intestinal parasite or commensal. Protozoa predominated. Blastocystis hominis (40.9 percent), Entamoeba coli (33.2 percent) and Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar (31.6 percent) were the most common. Bivariate analysis showed that females were generally more infected and presented higher rates of infection by Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar and Entamoeba coli. Males were more infected by hookworms and Strongyloides stercoralis than females. The precarious sanitary conditions of the Tereré settlement are probably a contributory factor towards the high prevalence of intestinal protozoa.
Um inquérito parasitológico foi realizado em índios Terena da aldeia Tereré, do município de Sidrolândia, Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Amostras únicas de fezes de 313 índios foram processadas pelo método de sedimentação espontânea. Na população estudada, 73.5 por cento estavam infectados por pelo menos um parasita ou comensal intestinal. Os protozoários predominaram. Blastocystis hominis (40.9 por cento), Entamoeba coli (33.2 por cento) e Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar (31.6 por cento) foram os mais comuns. A análise bivariada demonstrou que as mulheres estavam mais infectadas no geral e apresentavam maior taxa de infecção para Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar e Entamoeba coli. Os homens estavam mais infectados por ancilostomídeos e Strongyloides stercoralis que as mulheres. As precárias condições sanitárias da aldeia Tereré são provavelmente um fator contribuinte para a alta prevalência de protozoários.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Animals , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Helminthiasis/epidemiology , Indians, South American , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/epidemiology , Protozoan Infections/epidemiology , Blastocystis Infections/diagnosis , Blastocystis Infections/epidemiology , Blastocystis hominis/isolation & purification , Brazil/epidemiology , Feces/parasitology , Helminthiasis/diagnosis , Helminthiasis/parasitology , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/diagnosis , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/parasitology , Prevalence , Protozoan Infections/diagnosis , Protozoan Infections/parasitologyABSTRACT
A new genus and a new species of Heligmonellidae nematodes are described parasiting the stomach of three agoutis (two Dasyprocta fuliginosa and one D. leporina) captured in the middle and high Negro river microregion, state of Amazonas, Brazil. The new genus, as well as its type-species, are closely related to the trichostrongylids included in Fuellebornema, particularly on what concerns the pattern of the caudal bursa, but differing from them by the characteristics of the synlophe, that presents a poorly developed carene, when compared to the referred number of body ridges in Freitastrongylus n. gen. and consequently in F. angelae n. sp.,in which the ridges are well developed and the carene at mid-body has a similar size when compared to the ridge situated in front of the right field (ridge no. 5). Caudal bursa is of the type 1-4, with rays 9 shorter than rays 10, with a very long genital cone.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Rodentia/parasitology , Trichostrongyloidea , Brazil , Rodentia/classification , Trichostrongyloidea/anatomy & histology , Trichostrongyloidea/classification , Trichostrongyloidea/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
The objective of this survey was to assess the relationships between intestinal parasitism, nutritional status and hemoglobin level in children with Indian ascendancy living in an urban area in Brazilian Amazon. We carried out a cross-sectional survey obtaining anthropometric, parasitological and socioeconomic data, and hemoglobin measurements of children aged six to 84 months. Anthropometric data were expressed as z-scores for weight for age (WAZ), height for age (HAZ), weight for height (WHZ) and mid upper circumference for age (MUACZ) parameters. Parasitological examinations were performed through Ritchie (n = 307), Kato-Katz (n = 278), Baermann-Moraes (n = 238) and Safranin-methylene blue methods (n = 307). Hemoglobin measurements were obtained with a Hemocue® photometer (n = 282). Socioeconomic data were used in order to classify children in three family income strata (n = 242). Multiple linear regression analysis showed independent interactions between Giardia lamblia and WAZ (beta = -0.195, SE = 0.138, p = 0.003), WHZ (beta = -0.161, SE = 0.133, p = 0.018) and MUACZ (beta = -0.197, SE = 0.143, p = 0.011), controlling for age, sex, family income, Ascaris lumbricoides, and hookworm infection. Also, the multivariate model showed that the only variable associated with hemoglobin levels was age. Intestinal parasitism control should increase children's possibilities of full development in the studied area.
O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a relação entre as parasitoses intestinais, o status nutricional e os níveis de hemoglobina em crianças vivendo em uma área urbana na Amazônia Brasileira. Foi realizado um estudo seccional, obtendo-se dados antropométricos, parasitológicos e socioeconômicos, além de dosagens de hemoglobina através do fotômetro Hemocue®, de crianças com idade entre seis e 84 meses. Os dados da antropometria foram expressos como escores de desvio-padrão (escores z) para os parâmetros peso-idade (PI), altura-idade (AI), peso-altura (PA) e perímetro braquial-idade (PBI). Os exames parasitológicos foram realizados através dos métodos de Ritchie (n = 307), Kato-Katz (n = 278), Baermann-Moraes (n = 238) e Safranina-Azul-de-Metileno (n = 307). A regressão linear múltipla demonstrou interações independentes entre Giardia lamblia e PI (beta = -0.195, p = 0.003), PA (beta = -0.161, p = 0.018) e PBI (beta = -0.197, p = 0.011), após controle para idade, sexo, renda familiar e infecções por Ascaris lumbricoides e ancilostomídeos. O modelo multivariado demonstrou ainda que a única variável associada aos níveis de hemoglobina foi a idade. O estudo concluiu que a giardíase está associada, nos sujeitos pesquisados, a menores médias para os parâmetros antropométricos estudados e que um controle efetivo das parasitoses intestinais poderia contribuir para o pleno desenvolvimento das crianças na área estudada.
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Anthropometry , Child Nutrition Disorders/parasitology , Hemoglobins/analysis , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/parasitology , Nutritional Status , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Child Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Child Nutrition Disorders/epidemiology , Feces/parasitology , Giardia lamblia/isolation & purification , Giardiasis/complications , Giardiasis/diagnosis , Giardiasis/epidemiology , Indians, South American , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/complications , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/diagnosis , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/epidemiology , Severity of Illness Index , Socioeconomic Factors , Urban PopulationABSTRACT
In regions with high prevalence, Blastocystis hominis is frequently found in association with Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar in xenic cultures. Its exacerbated growth is often superimposed on the growth of amebas, thus impeding the continuation of the amebas in the culture, within a few generations. The present study reports on the excellent efficacy (100 percent) of the antifungal agent miconazole in eliminating B. hominis from cultures of E. histolytica/E. dispar, thereby maintaining the integrity of the trophozoites of the amebas. Nystatin presented low efficacy (33.3 percent).
Em regiões de alta prevalência, Blastocystis hominis é freqüentemente encontrado em associação com Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar em cultivos xênicos. Seu crescimento exacerbado se sobrepõe muitas vezes ao das amebas, impedindo a manutenção destas em cultura, dentro de poucas gerações. O presente estudo relata a excelente eficácia (100 por cento) do antifúngico miconazol na eliminação de B. hominis dos cultivos de E. histolytica/E. dispar, mantendo-se a integridade dos trofozoítos das amebas. A nistatina apresentou eficácia baixa (33,3 por cento).
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Blastocystis hominis/drug effects , Culture Media , Entamoeba/growth & development , Miconazole/pharmacology , Entamoeba histolytica/growth & development , Microbial Sensitivity TestsABSTRACT
The objective of the present study was to estimate the frequency of infection by Cryptosporidium spp and other intestinal parasites in dehydrated children with gastroenteritis who were admitted to a pediatric hospital. Stool examinations from 218 children were performed. Cryptosporidium spp was identified in eighteen out of 193 stool samples (9.3 percent) subjected to safranin-methylene blue staining. Giardia lamblia was detected in ten out of 213 (4.7 percent) samples examined via the direct or Ritchie methods. Other parasites identified were Ascaris lumbricoides (4.2 percent), Blastocystis hominis (1.4 percent), Entamoeba coli (0.9 percent), Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar (0.5 percent), Endolimax nana (0.5 percent), Trichuris trichiura (0.5 percent) and Enterobius vermicularis (0.5 percent).
O objetivo do presente estudo foi estimar a freqüência das infecções por Cryptosporidium spp e outros parasitas intestinais em crianças desidratadas com gastroenterite, internadas em um hospital pediátrico. Exames de fezes de 218 crianças foram realizados. Cryptosporidium spp foi detectado em 18 de 193 (9,3 por cento) amostras fecais submetidas à coloração pela safranina/azul-de-metileno. Giardia lamblia foi detectada em dez de 213 (4,7 por cento) amostras submetidas ao exame direto ou ao método de Ritchie. Também foram identificados Ascaris lumbricoides (4,2 por cento), Blastocystis hominis (1,4 por cento), Entamoeba coli (0,9 por cento), Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar (0,5 por cento), Endolimax nana (0,5 por cento), Trichuris trichiura (0,5 por cento) and Enterobius vermicularis (0,5 por cento).